Neither faith had a monopoly on cruelty and misguided fervour". Beside this, the rivalries between the leading families re-emerged. However, when Charles IX and his mother learned of the involvement of the duke of Anjou, and being so dependent on his support, they issued a second royal declaration, which while asking for an end to the massacres, credited the initiative with the desire of Charles IX to prevent a Protestant plot. In part this was led by an apparent change in stance by John Calvin in his Readings on the Prophet Daniel, a book of 1561, in which he had argued that when kings disobey God, they "automatically abdicate their worldly power" a change from his views in earlier works that even ungodly kings should be obeyed. CHP. 14 - WC 102.docx - Giovanni Michiel - St. Bartholomew's Day It is difficult today to determine the exact chronology of events, or to know the precise moment the killing began. Many victims were also thrown into the Seine, invoking the purification by water of Catholic baptism". [35] In Bordeaux the inflammatory sermon on September 29 of a Jesuit, Edmond Auger, encouraged the massacre that was to occur a few days later. About twelve thousand Huguenots were killed between August 25 and October 3. From the Venetian ambassador Giovanni Michiel's, harsh report, people might imagine the relationship of religion to politics and political. HISTORY QUESTION Based on the excerpt from Giovanni - Chegg The murder of thous We are processing your request. [97], On 23 August 1997, Pope John Paul II, who was in Paris for the 12th World Youth Day, issued a statement on the Massacre. Soon afterward both sides prepared for a fourth civil war, which began before the end of the year. Few towns escaped the episodic violence and some suffered repeatedly from both sides. A 1440 tax survey of aliens indicates they made up 2%. Giovanni Michiel, from A Venetian Ambassador's Report on the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre From The Religious Peace of Augsburg Reform in the Catholic World History 104 / January 16, 2013 I. See also: Pearl, Jonathan L. (1998), Holt (2005 ed. The Parisian St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre resulted from this conjunction of interests, and this offers a much better explanation as to why the men of the Duke of Anjou acted in the name of the Lieutenant General of the Kingdom, consistent with the thinking of the time, rather than in the name of the King. [citation needed] From the Venetian ambassador Giovanni Michiel's harsh report, people might imagine the relationship of religion to politics and political motivations which lead to this savage action. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. The following other wikis use this file: Usage on af.wikipedia.org Bartolomeusnag; Catharina de' Medici; Usage on ar.wikipedia.org Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. motivations which lead to this savage action. It seems probable that a signal was given by ringing bells for matins (between midnight and dawn) at the church of Saint-Germain l'Auxerrois, near the Louvre, which was the parish church of the kings of France. The Venetian Senate, Letter to the Venetian Ambassadors in France, 1572 . A particular point of tension was an open-air cross erected on the site of the house of Philippe de Gastines, a Huguenot who had been executed in 1569. Updates? [80] Apart from Anjou, the others were all Italian advisors at the French court. Jesuit general from 1565 to 1572. 2. Bloody Mary on the throne (1553-1558) A riveting account of the Saint Bartholomews Day Massacre, its origins, and its aftermath, this volume by Barbara B. Diefendorf introduces students to the most notorious episode in Frances sixteenth century civil and religious wars and an event of lasting historical importance. The story was fictionalised by Prosper Mrime in his Chronique du rgne de Charles IX (1829), and by Alexandre Dumas, pre in La Reine Margot, an 1845 novel that fills in the history as it was then seen with romance and adventure. The tasks of a permanent ambassador were to represent his government at state ceremonies, to gather information, and, occasionally, to enter negotiations. Please enable JavaScript on your browser. 31. The St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre was a wave of mob violence directed against the French Protestant (Huguenot) minority by the Catholic majority. This was a massacre on Huguenots. The corpses floating down the Rhne from Lyon are said to have put the people of Arles off drinking the water for three months. [7], Compounding this bad feeling was the fact that the harvests had been poor and taxes had risen. The massacre in Paris lasted three days despite the king's attempts to stop it. Chnier was able to put his principles into practice as a politician, voting for the execution of Louis XVI and many others, perhaps including his brother Andr Chnier. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Learn how to enable JavaScript on your browser, Perspectives from the Past: Primary Sources in Western Civilizations / Edition 7 available in "[91], However Raymond Mentzer points out that Protestants "could be as bloodthirsty as Catholics. [9] In the massacres of August, the relatives of the Gastines family were among the first to be killed by the mob. [75] By this period the Massacre was being widely used by Voltaire (in his Henriade) and other Enlightenment writers in polemics against organized religion in general. Catherine de' Medici, also called Catherine de Mdicis, Italian Caterina de' Medici, (born April 13, 1519, Florence [Italy]died January 5, 1589, Blois, France), queen consort of Henry II of France (reigned 1547-59) and subsequently regent of France (1560-74), who was one of the most influential personalities of the Catholic-Huguenot wars. The massacre caused a "major international crisis". Javascript is not enabled in your browser. 31. Related Documents (Brophy reader) Catherine de Medici, the mother of Charles, feared Admiral Colignys growing influence over her son. Chains were used to block streets so that Protestants could not escape from their houses. B. The Venetian Senate, Letter to the Venetian Ambassadors in France, 1572 . Paperback. Corrections? Protestant countries were horrified at the events, and only the concentrated efforts of Catherine's ambassadors, including a special mission by Gondi, prevented the collapse of her policy of remaining on good terms with them. According to 10 United States Code 2784, which two of the following could result from a Governmentwide Commercial Purchase Card Program violation? The featured documents offer a rich array of sources on the conflict including royal edicts, popular songs, polemics, eyewitness accounts, memoirs, paintings, and engravings to enable students to explore the massacre, the nature of church-state relations, the moral responsibility of secular and religious authorities, and the origins and consequences of religious persecution and intolerance in this period. He stresses that the city was on the verge of revolt. The Council of Trent (meets 1545-1563) Following the failed assassination attack against the Admiral de Coligny (which Wanegffelen attributes to the Guise family and Spain), the Italian advisers of Catherine de' Medici undoubtedly recommended in the royal council the execution of about fifty Protestant leaders. That evening, Catherine held a meeting at the Tuileries Palace with her Italian advisers, including Albert de Gondi, Comte de Retz. [55] On the other hand, the Holy Roman Emperor, Maximilian II, King Charles's father-in-law, was sickened, describing the massacre as a "shameful bloodbath". Modern writers put the number at 3,000 in Paris alone. Ordinary lay Catholics were involved in the mass killings; they believed they were executing the wishes of the king and of God. PDF Prologue to a Massacre: Popular Unrest in Paris, 1557-1572 - JSTOR He describes how the religious divide, which gave the Huguenots different patterns of dress, eating and pastimes, as well as the obvious differences of religion and (very often) class, had become a social schism or cleavage. ), pp. 1st Edition ISBN: 9780547034997 Dahia Ibo Shabaka, Larry S. Krieger, Linda Black, Phillip C. Naylor, Roger B. Beck. Report to the Venetian senate on the wounding of the admiral / Giovanni Michiel (1572) -- 17. Roberts, Yvonne. The dates are in Garrison, p. 139, who adds, Holt (2005 ed. View western civ 14&15.docx from SOC MISC at North Carolina Wesleyan College. Recovery of cost from Governmentwide Commercial, "in step 12 of the governmentwide commercial purchase card program process, what are three situations in which the acceptor must ensure written independent receipt and acceptance?" [24][pageneeded] The tension that had been building since the Peace of St. Germain now exploded in a wave of popular violence. Take notes, add highlights, and download our mobile-friendly e-books. Bloodshed continued in Paris even after a royal order of August 25 to stop the killing, and it spread to the provinces. AP and Pre-AP are trademarks registered by the College Board, which is not affiliated with, and does not endorse, these products. 72- . 32. [94], The historian H.G. A 1966 serial in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who entitled The Massacre of St Bartholomew's Eve is set during the events leading up to the Paris massacre. That was interpreted by the Parisians as a sign of divine blessing and approval to these multiple murders,[22] and on the same day at night, a group led by Guise in person dragged Admiral Coligny from his bed, killed him, and threw his body out of a window. St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre: Causes, Events, Impact - ThoughtCo [1] A fellow Huguenot refugee, a banker from Lyon, commissioned the painting to commemorate the event. Ostara publications. These Italians stood to benefit from the occasion by eliminating the Huguenot danger. St. Bartholomew's Day massacre; File:Giorgio Vasari San Bartolomeo.jpg; File usage on other wikis. According to the contemporary French historian Jacques Auguste de Thou, one of Coligny's murderers was struck by how calmly he accepted his fate, and remarked that "he never saw anyone less afraid in so great a peril, nor die more steadfastly". The St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre A Brief History with Documents [64][65] There are also a dramatic and influential account by Henry, duke of Anjou that was not recognised as fake until the 19th century. "Huguenot writers, who had previously, for the most part, paraded their loyalty to the Crown, now called for the deposition or assassination of a Godless king who had either authorised or permitted the slaughter". [60] Many Catholic authors were exultant in their praise of the king for his bold and decisive action (after regretfully abandoning a policy of meeting Huguenot demands as far as he could) against the supposed Huguenot coup, whose details were now fleshed out in officially sponsored works, though the larger mob massacres were somewhat deprecated: "[one] must excuse the people's fury moved by a laudable zeal which is difficult to restrain once it has been stirred up". All rights reserved. Massacre of St. Bartholomew's Day, massacre of French Huguenots (Protestants) in Paris on August 24/25, 1572, plotted by Catherine de' Medici and carried out by Roman Catholic nobles and other citizens. [72] In fact there is little trace of Machiavelli in French writings before the massacre, and not very much after, until Gentillet's own book, but this concept was seized upon by many contemporaries, and played a crucial part in setting the long-lasting popular concept of Machiavellianism. available here The Venetian Senate, Letter to the Venetian Ambassadors in France, 1572 . 7879; Calvin's book was "Praelectiones in librum prophetiarum Danielis", Geneva and, Garrisson, pp. Gregory XIII (1572 to 1585) Francis Borgia (1510 -1572). Historian Jrmie Foa offers a very unique view of the 1572 massacres in his work entitled Tous ceux qui tombent: visages du massacre de la Saint-Barthlemy [All that fall: faces of the St. Bartholomew's day massacre].
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