The social impacts of tourism are minimal but are largely positive [56]. Local income, biodiversity conservation and cultural preservation are necessary for tourism intervention in remote areas. Ecotourism is already the largest source of foreign exchange in many countries [1]. Countries such as Kenya, Zimbabwe, Tanzania, Costa Rica and Nepal are only a few examples where protected area tourism constitutes a significant proportion of international tourism [11]. Ecotourism has a positive impact on education, job training, hunting, and deforestation [59]. These found all over the country in national parks and game reserves, The major ones are Chad Basin, Cross River, Gashaka Gumti, Kainji, Kamuku, Okomu, Old Oyo and Yankari. It contributes to the elongation of the tourist period and the increase in tourist revenues. The dependence on foreigners for revenue may occur because locals are incentivized to cater their business or lifestyles to the influx of foreigners. Gross expenditure of US$14 million provides significant foreign exchange earnings in Bhutan. If locals are actively involved in tourism planning and development, it becomes much easier to get their support for conservation and avoid serious conflicts with the management [22]. K.C. Trekking is recognized as a major part of this industry in Nepal. It supports the maintenance of natural areas which are used as ecotourism attractions by: The total foreign exchange earnings from tourism in Nepal in fiscal year 2010/2011, 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 was Rs. Ecotourism has immense potential to help in poverty alleviation in Nepal. Ecotourism can be an integral part of the master development strategy of a developing nation [75]. Nature-based tourism is a large growing global industry which depends upon the natural environment occurring in parks and protected areas. Mechanisms for managing conflicts between protection and development faced by the nature reserves should be clearly addressed [25]. by Benachir, Ines and Ying Kong. The concept of ecotourism is. Ecotourism can also exacerbate existing inequalities and create new conflicts within local communities. In the framework of the UN-declared International Year of Ecotourism (IYE) 2002, UNWTO undertook a wide range of activities, including the organization of regional conferences and the World Ecotourism Summit, and published guidelines and methodologies for ecotourism development and market studies, as well as supported regional and national activities. There is need for sustainable use of tourism resources, proper handling of tourism demands, repartitioning tourism flow and digital system for tourism management [27]. Within Kathmandu valley, Kathmandu Development Committee has listed a total of 870 religious and cultural shrines and monuments. Beside that, working with the media and use it an effective educational tool for promoting accurate and informative reporting of ecotourism, avoiding green washing, improve the image of the industry, and to encourage adhere to the principle of ecotourism. After the coronation of 1974 in Bhutan, small groups of tourists were allowed into the country and given permission to visit dzongs and goembas in Thimphu and Paro. Books > The study was analyzed through community-based action research and evaluation methodologies. Nearly 80% of the helping staff is family members with 50% women helpers. Local people realize the importance of conservation and protect the environment actively [14]. Due to the increase in tourist number, infrastructure for tourism and tour guiding have been developed [55]. There is need of cooperation among different stakeholders, training of ecotourism to tourism entrepreneurs and appropriate management policy for sustainable implementation of ecotourism projects. . Research opportunities should be provided to attract scientists and students to conduct research in the region [17]. The combination of landscapes available and the hospitality of the people makes Oman the right tourism choice. WebThe negative environmental impacts of tourism are substantial. WebEcotourism is a type of sustainable development. Nine physical parameters were assessed in camping sites and four parameters on nature trails of the national park. Featured Media Resource By observing these benefits, this part assesses the impacts of ecotourism in environment, society and economy with the help of researches conducted in Nepal. Nature guiding training is provided to local communities to enhance themselves in this sector. But lets not fail to consider the drawbacks as well. Environmental degradation is a common problem which increases with increase in visitor number in a protected area open to recreational use [48]. Chung [68] conducted a study in Hong Kong to assess the problem of implementing international ecotourism certification at local level with the help of face-to-face interviews, tele-interviews and mailed-questionnaires. But most of the tourism businesses are owned and operated by male migrants or old established noble families [41]. Ecotourism The COVID-19 pandemic has a tremendous impact on health, daily life and the economy of the world on a global scale. There will be major shift in park management, tourism management and financial management which will help in sustainable development of tourism [18]. Cultural tourism preserves cultural traditions and enriches the quality of the life of local communities. The effect of tourism on under developed nations, which was always debatable, has now become more controversial. Wood et al. Its effectiveness depends in its potential to provide local economic benefits by maintaining ecological resource integrity through low-impact and non-consumptive use of local resources [6]. To learn more about how we use your information, please read our privacy policy. [69] conducted a study in West Virginia to create a point evaluation system to rate and rank forest-based ecotourism areas in West Virginia, USA based on input from academics and ecotourism operators using the Delphi method. For assessing its issues and impacts, social tools such as questionnaire surveys, focus group discussions, key informant interviews and review of literature were applied by different researchers. It is developed for the benefit of communities and for conservation activities [4]. Ecotourism is one of the preferred tools for conservation and community development in many rural areas. Sometimes, ecotourism is looked at as a solution to a lack of political will or general apathy toward conservation issues. In the past couple of years, the national parks have made headlines several times because of human misbehavior. Ballantyne and Pickering [50] conducted a scoping assessment to identify the loss of orchids by tourism activity in the wild by directly collecting, habitat clearance and trampling and indirectly by weeds, pathogens and climate change using data on Australian threatened orchids. From an economic perspective its very easy to understand the tremendous effect of tourism on the economy, indirectly it was accountable 28% of the GDP, and directly it is accountable for 17% of GDP. Ecotourism financially supports protected areas through tourism-related park fees [6]. The practice of ecotourism enhances economic growth and improves the livelihood mainly in rural and undeveloped areas by increasing job and business opportunities for a vast number of professions. Baral et al. Ecotourism is one of the fastest growing segments of the sustainable tourism industry [13], which focuses on wildlife conservation, environmental protection, poverty alleviation and economic development [4,5]. Gezon [55] conducted a study in Ankarana protected area, Madagascar using a qualitative and longitudinal approach focusing on the social impacts of tourist intensification by comparing and contrasting communities nearby the protected area. Wildlife can become, , or change their behavior to avoid people, decreasing their use of habitat around trails as more people come along. Ecotourism does not set limits on tourist numbers from the notion of carrying capacity but only controls the nature and extent of their activity [16]. One is, Were making these companies more efficient. Developing countries such as Nepal have advantage in ecotourism as they have unique natural environment and culture. It develops rural economy and rural culture. Many state governments and international conservation agencies provide sufficient funds for the establishment of protected areas and their long-term viability. Knowledge and experience of local community can improve planning and decision making of tourism, conservation and economic development. Tourism intervention has the potential to promote social conflict and challenge cultural values [15]. [59] conducted a study in Osa Peninsula of Costa Rica to assess social and environmental effects of ecotourism. Community-based ecotourism is the best option in an area which is conserved, owned and managed by a community to gain income by operating a tourism enterprise [1]. The development of rural tourism provides the villagers with second revenue [14]. Nepal is a small country with an area of 147,181 sq. It brings benefit for people and is the fastest way to get information. Thirty six semi-structured interviews with key interest groups involved with environmental policymaking were conducted during a two months of fieldwork in Madagascar in 2004. Conditional link between the obligations of the community and benefits is created by agreement with external monitoring and enforcement. It can attract developed regions funds to invest in periphery regions through construction, bring revenue through flows of passengers, transportation, and accommodation and solves the poverty problem. Primary and secondary sources of information were analyzed by researchers through literature reviews, questionnaire survey, semi structured interviews, key informant interviews, participant observation, Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis and qualitative researches. 8 and ecotourism is the newest rage. Getting outside is also good for peoples physical and mental health, helping with everything from reducing stress to improving memory. Tourism had already been an alternative source of income generation in the villages of Kaski, Tanahu, Syangja, Lamjung and Gorkha districts in Western Nepal through rural tourism initiatives [5,38]. Field interviews were conducted by the first author using a fairly open framework for focused conversations with a core set of questions.
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