At one point he was forced to take refuge across the Thames, while his Savoy Palace only just escaped looting. Two of John's daughters married into continental royal houses (those of Portugal and Castile). John Of Gaunt: Life, Facts, Children & Legacy Of The - HistoryExtra Katherine Swynford is best known as the mistress, and then wife, of John of Gaunt, whose whole life was riddled with scandal. His first wife, Blanche of Lancaster, was also his third cousin; both were great-great-grandchildren of King Henry III. Chaucer's The Book of the Duchess, also known as the Deeth of Blaunche the Duchesse,[26] was written in commemoration of Blanche of Lancaster, John of Gaunt's first wife. Furthermore, while King Edward and the Prince of Wales were popular heroes due to their successes on the battlefield, John of Gaunt had not won equivalent military renown that could have bolstered his reputation. Updated on January 14, 2020. Occupation: royal consort, heiress; second wife of John of Gaunt, first Duke of Lancaster. He countered their hostility by forming a curious alliance with the religious reformer John Wycliffe. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. John had no funds with which to pay them, and despite his entreaties, none were sent from England, so in April 1374, he abandoned the enterprise and sailed for home. Blanche was the daughter of John's mistress, Marie de St. Hilaire of Hainaut (1340-after 1399), who was a lady-in-waiting to his mother, Queen Philippa. He was called "John of Gaunt" because he was born in Ghent, then rendered in English as Gaunt. About Me. He took charge of the siege operations and at one point engaged in hand-to-hand fighting in the undermining tunnels. Eleanor of Aquitaine's Descendants Through King John - ThoughtCo From the eldest son. Their son Henry Bolingbroke became Henry IV of England, after the duchy of Lancaster was taken by Richard II upon John's death while Henry was in exile. John received the title "Duke of Lancaster" from his father on 13 November 1362. The links are visible today in the Town & Manor-owned John O'Gaunt Inn on Bridge Street,[45] the John O'Gaunt School on Priory Road,[46] as well as various street names. The children bore the surname "Beaufort" after a former French possession of the duke. Due to some generous land grants, John was one of the richest men in his era. John (Plantagenet) of Gaunt KG is a member of the House of Lancaster. The death of the Black Prince on 8 June 1376 and the onset of Edward III's last illness at the closing of Parliament on 10 July left John with all the reins of power. John of Gaunt received most of the blame for the debcle.[13]. (There may have been a second Swynford daughter.) Married to: Sir Oliver St John, of Bletsoe; 14251437. 7 (2nd ed.). The adulterous relationship endured until 1381, when it was broken out of political necessity. Menu. John (1362-1365) was the first-born son of John and Blanche of Lancaster and lived possibly at least until after the birth of his brother Edward of Lancaster in 1365 and died before his second brother another short lived boy called John in 1366. They married in 1359 at Reading Abbey as a part of the efforts of Edward III to arrange matches for his sons with wealthy heiresses. His wife Constance died in 1394, and two years later he married his mistress, Katherine Swynford. The second son (of John of Gaunt), Henry, became a bishop, Lord Chancellor, and a Cardinal; the third son, Thomas, became Duke of Exeter; and the daughter, Joan, married Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland, as his second wife. John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster | Biography, Family, & Facts The Beaufort children, three sons and a daughter, were legitimised by royal and papal decrees after John and Katherine married. John left Portugal for Aquitaine, and he remained in that province until he returned to England in November 1389. London: Nichols & Son, 1826. CM Dixon/Print Collector/Getty Images John, King of England (1166 - 1216), married twice. John is noted for his signing of the Magna Carta. He was the third son of Edward III, who became Duke of Lancaster through his marriage to Blanche. Descendants of Edward III of England | Familypedia | Fandom Dates: 1354 - March 24, 1394. [21] During the Peasants' Revolt of 1381, John of Gaunt was far from the centre of events, on the March of Scotland, but he was among those named by the rebels as a traitor to be beheaded as soon as he could be found. Married to: Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond; 14551456. John (1366-1367) most likely died after the birth of his younger brother Henry, the future Henry IV of England; he was buried in the Collegiate Church of the Annunciation of Our Lady of The Newarke, Leicester. Son of: Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond and Lady Margaret Beaufort. [41], As claimant to the throne of Castile and Len from 1372, he impaled the arms of that kingdom (Gules, a castle or, quartering Argent, a lion rampant purpure) with his own. An adjacent chantry chapel was added between 1399 and 1403. He was an MP for Somerset and Devon. Fit for a King (or Queen): the British Royalty Quiz, This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-of-Gaunt-duke-of-Lancaster, Spartacus Educational - Biography of John of Gaunt, English Monarchs - Biography of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, John of Gaunt - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Catherine (1372-1418), married King Henry III of Castile (1379-1406) Married to: John Beaufort, Duke of Somerset; 14391444. [2][3] As Duke of Lancaster, he is the founder of the royal House of Lancaster, whose members would ascend the throne after his death. He was buried in the Collegiate Church of the Annunciation of Our Lady of The Newarke, Leicester (the church founded by his grandfather Henry, Duke of Lancaster. John took pains to ensure that he never became associated with the opposition to Richard's kingship. Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset and his three elder sons (the 3rd and 4th Dukes and the Earl of Dorset), all lost their lives, leaving no legitimate male heir. He was called "John of Gaunt" because he was born in . FamousKin.com About Me John married Katherine in 1396, and their four children, the Beauforts, were legitimised by King Richard II and the Church, but barred from inheriting the throne. He began to advocate peace negotiations; indeed, as early as 1373, during his great raid through France, he made contact with Guillaume Roger, brother and political adviser of Pope Gregory XI, to let the pope know he would be interested in a diplomatic conference under papal auspices. He was wrong-footed by John's decision to invade Galicia, the most distant and disaffected of Castile's kingdoms. As with any good genealogical research, if you discover a link to your own family tree, consider it a starting point for further research. The Complete Peerage, or a history of the House of Lords and all its members from the earliest times, volume XII part 1: Skelmersdale to Towton. Trending; Presidents; TV/Film/Stage; . Ancestor charts showing the family relationships of John of Gaunt (1340-1399) to other famous people. [8] [9] Though he is always called "John of Gaunt", it is a name he was never called in his own lifetime after the age of three when he received his first title. London: The St. Catherine Press, p.62, see blazon of arms in Montague-Smith, P.W. Through them, many royal families of Europe can trace lineage to him. Chaucer married Philippa (Pan) de Roet in 1366, and Lancaster took his mistress of nearly 30 years, Katherine Swynford (de Roet), who was Philippa Chaucer's sister, as his third wife in 1396. John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster, KG (6 March 1340 - 3 February 1399) was a member of the House of Plantagenet, the third of four surviving sons of King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault. View famous kin of John of Gaunt 11th Great-grandfather of George Washington 14th Generation Ahnentafel No: 11766 Father: Edward III, King of England Mother: Philippa of Hainault Birth Date: 6 Mar 1340 Birth Location: Ghent, Belgium Christening Date: Christening Location: Death Date: 3 Feb 1399 Death Location: He was most famous for signing the Magna Carta in 1215, and for losing the Duchy of Normandy to King Philip II of France, thus receiving his nickname Lackland. Meanwhile, in England, war had nearly broken out between the followers of King Richard II and the followers of Gloucester. This family, the Beauforts, played an important part in 15th-century politics. His time at the head of government was marked by the so-called Good Parliament of 1376 and the Bad Parliament of 1377. The two alabaster effigies were notable for having their right hands joined. These sources are attached to each ancestor so that you can personally judge their reliability. The poem refers to John and Blanche in allegory as the narrator relates the tale of "A long castel with walles white/Be Seynt Johan, on a ryche hil" (13181319) who is mourning grievously after the death of his love, "And goode faire White she het/That was my lady name ryght" (948949). However, crisis ensued almost immediately in his absence, and in 1387 King Richard's misrule brought England to the brink of civil war. [5] Following Gaunt's death in 1399, his estates and titles were declared forfeit to the Crown, and his son Henry, now disinherited, was branded a traitor and exiled. Children A later proviso that they were specifically barred from inheriting the throne, the phrase excepta regali dignitate ("except royal status"), was inserted with dubious authority by their half-brother Henry IV. Henry Somerset, 3rd Marquess of Worcester (16291700), sixth in descent from Charles Somerset, 1st Earl of Worcester, assisted in the Restoration of the Monarchy to King Charles II, who in 1682 created him Duke of Beaufort. The treaty was sealed by the marriage of John's eldest daughter Philippa to the Portuguese king. John was left isolated (even the Black Prince supported the need for reform) and the Commons refused to grant money for the war unless most of the great officers of state were dismissed and the king's mistress Alice Perrers, another focus of popular resentment, was barred from any further association with him. His first wife, Blanche of Lancaster, was also his third cousin; both were great-great-grandchildren of King Henry III. Defeats King Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485, claims the throne as King Henry VII. Isabel (1368-1368) The family tree for John of Gaunt should not be considered exhaustive or authoritative. He was buried beside his first wife, Blanche of Lancaster, in the choir of St Paul's Cathedral, adjacent to the high altar. Royal Descendants of Katherine Swynford and John of Gaunt - HubPages The House of Beaufort /bofrt/[2] is an English noble and quasi-royal family, which originated in the fourteenth century as the legitimated issue of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (the third surviving son of King Edward III), whose eldest legitimate son was King Henry IV, the first Lancastrian king. Hugh Luttrell, Kt. (c.1364 - 1428) - Genealogy When Edward III died in 1377 and John's ten-year-old nephew succeeded as Richard II of England, John's influence strengthened. The male line was however continued through Charles Somerset, 1st Earl of Worcester, the illegitimate son of Henry Beaufort, 3rd Duke of Somerset, who adopted the surname "Somerset" and used the arms of Beaufort but with a baton sinister for bastardy.[5]. Afonso of Portugal (1390-1400) 3. He owned land in almost every county in England, a patrimony that produced a net income of between 8,000 and 10,000 a year,[7] equivalent in 2023 to c.170 213 million in income value, or 3.5 4.4 billion in relation to gdp.[8]. Near the end of their lives, Lancaster and Chaucer became brothers-in-law. Unlike some of Richard's unpopular advisors, John was away from London at the time of the uprising and thus avoided the direct wrath of the rebels. Henry IV of England (1367-1413) married (1) Mary de Bohun (1369-1394); (2) Joanna of Navarre (1368-1437) His administration of the province was a disappointment, and his appointment as duke was much resented by the Gascons, since Aquitaine had previously always been held directly by the king of England or his heir; it was not felt to be a fief that a king could bestow on a subordinate. There is, however, evidence that he may occasionally have used this second marshalling at earlier dates. They married in 1359 at Reading Abbey. Blanche (1359-1388/89), illegitimate, married Sir Thomas Morieux (1355-1387) in 1381, without issue. These included: This articleincorporates text from a publication now in the public domain:Chisholm, Hugh, ed. Prior to her widowhood, Katherine had borne at least two, possibly three, children to Lancastrian knight Sir Hugh Swynford. Only four months after his return to England, in March 1390, Richard II formally invested Gaunt with the Duchy of Aquitaine, thus providing him with the overseas territory he had long desired. And I constitute and appoint the Reverend Fathers in God Richard Bishop of Salisbury; John Bishop of Worcester; my very dear and loving cousins and companions Thomas Earl of Worcester, Steward of the Household of my Lord the King; and William Earl of Wilts, Treasurer of England; my son Ralph Earl of Westmoreland; Monsr Walter Blount; Monsr John Dabruggecourt; Monsr William Par; Monsr Hugh War'ton; Monsr Thomas Skelton; and Cokeyn, Chief Steward of my Lands; Sir Robert Qwytby, my Attorney General; Piers Melburn; William Ketyring; Robert Haylfield, Comptroller of my Household; Sir John Leyburn, my Receiver General; and Thomas Longley, Clerk, my executors. Their magnificent tomb had been designed and executed between 1374 and 1380 by Henry Yevele with the assistance of Thomas Wrek, at a total cost of 592. On the resumption of war with France in 1369, John was sent to Calais with Humphrey de Bohun, Earl of Hereford and a small English army with which he raided into northern France. John (13661367) most likely died after the birth of his younger brother Henry, the future. King John Plantaganet was king of England from 1199 to 1216. Through his daughter Philippa, he was grandfather of King Edward of Portugal and an ancestor of all subsequent Portuguese monarchs as well. John died of natural causes on 3 February 1399 at Leicester Castle, with his third wife Katherine by his side. A later proviso that they were specifically barred from inheriting the thronethe phrase excepta regali dignitate ("except royal status")was inserted with dubious authority by their half-brother Henry IV. All of them were born out of wedlock, but were legitimised upon their parents' eventual marriage. Please note: The ancestor reports on this website have been compiled from thousands of different sources, many over 100 years old. Unable to attack any strongly fortified forts and cities, the raiders plundered the countryside, which weakened the French infrastructure, but the military value of the damage was only temporary. Upon arrival in Bordeaux, many more succumbed to the bubonic plague that was raging in the city. He immediately had the ailing king grant pardons to all the officials impeached by the Parliament; Alice Perrers too was reinstated at the heart of the king's household. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Five anonymous living donors, all members of the extended family of the present Duke of Beaufort, who claim descent from both the Plantagenets and Tudors through the children of John of. A large part of John's army had succumbed to sickness, however, and when the invasion was mounted, they were far outnumbered by their Portuguese allies. Edward (1365) died within a year of his birth and was buried in the Collegiate Church of the Annunciation of Our Lady of The Newarke, Leicester. By the middle of November, the survivors of the sickly army returned to Calais, where the Earl of Warwick died of the plague. This four-month ride through enemy territory, evading French armies on the way, was a bold stroke that impressed contemporaries but achieved virtually nothing. John returned in 1389 and resumed his role as peacemaker. SOURCE: Wikipedia His other legitimate descendants include his daughters Queen Philippa of Portugal and Elizabeth, Duchess of Exeter (by his first wife Blanche of Lancaster), and Queen Catherine of Castile (by his second wife Constance of Castile). Learn how and when to remove this template message, John Cornwall, 1st Baron Fanhope and Milbroke, Death of John of Gaunt, Richard Cavendish explains the life and death of Henry IV's father, on February 3rd, 1399, Five Ways to Compute the Relative Value of a UK Pound Amount, 1270 to Present, www.measuringworth.com, "British History in depth: Black Death: Political and Social Changes", Several entries, as Duke of Aquitaine & Lancaster; and as King of Castile and Duke of Lancaster, "Explanatory Notes on 'The Book of the Duchess', "Marks of cadency in the British royal family", Sir Jean Froissart: John of Gaunt in Portugal, 1385, Margaret of France, Queen of England and Hungary, Eleanor of England, Countess of Leicester, Joan, Countess of Hertford and Gloucester, Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk, Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester, Thomas of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Clarence, Humphrey of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Gloucester, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_of_Gaunt&oldid=1149661958, Pretenders to the throne of the kingdom of Castile, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from December 2022, All articles needing additional references, Pages using infobox military person with embed, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2023, Articles needing additional references from March 2020, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from January 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2022, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2023, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB, Wikipedia articles incorporating citation to the NSRW, Wikipedia articles incorporating citation to the NSRW with an wstitle parameter, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, During his marriage to Constance, John of Gaunt fathered four children by a mistress, the widow. For places and organisations named after him, see, A portrait commissioned in c. 1593 by Sir, John of Gaunt: Son of One King, Father of Another, Kathryn Warner, Amberley Publishing, 2022. Henry Beaufort, Bishop of Winchester and Cardinal (1375-1447) Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter (1377-1427), married Margaret Neville, daughter of Sir Thomas de Neville and Joan Furnivall. Although he fought in the Battle of Njera (1367), for example, his later military projects proved unsuccessful. John of Gaunt : Son of One King, Father of Another - Google Books Close. John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (1340-1399) m. Blanche of Lancaster (1345-1369) Philippa of Lancaster (1360-1415) m. John I of Portugal (1358-1433) Elizabeth of Lancaster, Duchess of Exeter (1363-1426) m. 1st, John Hasting, 3rd Earl of Pembroke m. 2nd, John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter (c1352-1400) The House of Beaufort continues to exist in a further illegitimate line, surnamed "Somerset", the senior representative of which is Henry Somerset, 12th Duke of Beaufort, who is thus a direct male-line descendant, albeit via a legitimated and an illegitimate line, of King Henry II, the first Plantagenet King of England. [25], For the remainder of his life, John of Gaunt occupied the role of valued counsellor of the king and loyal supporter of the Crown. Edward (1365) died within a year of his birth and was buried in the Collegiate Church of the Annunciation of Our Lady of The Newarke, Leicester. This blessed plot, this earth, this realm, this England". From 1372, John gathered around himself a small court of refugee Castilian knights and ladies and set up a Castilian chancery that prepared documents in his name according to the style of Peter of Castile, dated by the Castilian era and signed by himself with the Spanish formula "Yo El Rey" ("I, the King"). Marching in winter across the Limousin plateau, with stragglers being picked off by the French, huge numbers of the army, and even larger numbers of horses, died of cold, disease or starvation. Omissions? "Elizabeth Plantagenet, a Lost Medieval Princess" - Anne O'Brien Books John of Gaunt died of natural causes on 3 February 1399 at Leicester Castle, with his third wife Katherine by his side. (ed. famous descendants of john of gaunt why does wilbur soot have two spotify accounts why does wilbur soot have two spotify accounts Another motive was John's conviction that it was only by making peace with France would it be possible to release sufficient manpower to enforce his claim to the throne of Castile. The phrase "long castel" is a reference to Lancaster (also called "Loncastel" and "Longcastell"), "walles white" is thought to likely be an oblique reference to Blanche, "Seynt Johan" was John of Gaunt's name-saint, and "ryche hil" is a reference to Richmond; these thinly veiled references reveal the identity of the grieving black knight of the poem as John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster and Earl of Richmond. John renounced his claim in 1388, but he married his daughter, Catherine, to the young nobleman who eventually became King Henry III of Castile and Leon. Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France moderne, 2nd and 3rd England[16]. Though it seemed an inglorious conclusion to the campaign, John had forced the French king, Charles V, to abandon his plans to invade England that autumn.[9]. By Blanche of Lancaster ", File:Charles Somerset, 1st Earl of Worcester.jpg, https://johnian.joh.cam.ac.uk/Beaufort-Society, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=House_of_Beaufort&oldid=1144813182. John of Gaunt was a patron and close friend of the poet Geoffrey Chaucer, most famously known for his work The Canterbury Tales. In November, he met King John I of Portugal at Ponte do Mouro on the south side of the Minho river and concluded an agreement with him to make a joint Anglo-Portuguese invasion of central Castile early in 1387. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. A modern monument in the crypt lists John of Gaunt's grave as among the important ones lost. While the envoy playfully hints to Lancaster that Chaucer would certainly appreciate a boost to his status or income, the poem Fortune distinctively shows his deep appreciation and affection for John of Gaunt. He was faced with military difficulties abroad and political divisions at home, and disagreements as to how to deal with these crises led to tensions among Gaunt, the English Parliament, and the ruling class, making him an extremely unpopular figure for a time. He was the third surviving son of King Edward III of England, and the father of King Henry IV. This effectively kept him off the scene while England endured the major political crisis of the conflict between Richard II and the Lords Appellant, who were led by John of Gaunt's younger brother Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester. His first wife, Blanche of Lancaster, was also his third cousin; both were great-great-grandchildren of King Henry III. Privacy Policy | ContactMe 2010-2023 FamousKin.com. {{ media.date_translated }}, {{ asCtrl.bannerRights.content|translate }}, The Geneanet family trees are powered by Geneweb 7.0. Catherine of Aragon is descended from this line. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Married to: Thomas Stanley, Earl of Derby; 14721504. The army reached English-occupied Bordeaux on 24 December 1373, severely weakened in numbers with the loss of at least one-third of their force in action and another third to disease. The term Gaunt, a corruption of the name of his birthplace, Ghent, was never employed after he was three years old; it became the popularly accepted form of his name through its use in Shakespeares play Richard II. Their children were given the surname "Beaufort" after a former French possession of the duke. The Beaufort Portcullis, now the symbol of the House of Commons; The heraldic colours white and blue, an old symbol of the Earls of Lancaster. [citation needed]. During his marriage to Constance, John of Gaunt fathered four children by a mistress, the widow Katherine Swynford (whose sister Philippa de Roet was married to Chaucer). John of Gaunt Family Tree (3815) - Famous Kin John of Gaunt's eldest son and heir, Henry Bolingbroke, Duke of Hereford, the son of his first wife Blanche of Lancaster, was exiled for ten years by King Richard II in 1398 as resolution to a dispute between Henry and Thomas de Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk. Shortly after the army returned to Portugal, John of Gaunt concluded a secret treaty with John of Trastmara under which he and his wife renounced all claim to the Castilian throne in return for a large annual payment and the marriage of their daughter Catherine to John of Trastmara's son, Henry.
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