Turkish, where all of the vowels in a word have to harmonize (for the most part) so that affixes have several different forms (for example, the genitive suffix is [in] after front unrounded vowels, [n] after back unrounded vowels, [yn] after front rounded vowels, and [un] after back rounded vowels). Sit back in astoundment how you've just discovered several sound change rules! Alex In another 300 years, the similarity will be a question at some bar's trivia night. Notable members of the LCS are David J. Peterson, the creator of Dothraki, and John Quijada, who created Ithkuil. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? lector --> leitor. Is it possible to have consonant followed by Uvular sound. the second gives the name of the .sc file, containing the sound changes Many Git commands accept both tag and branch names, so creating this branch may cause unexpected behavior. Top 10 conlang Open-Source Projects (Apr 2023) - LibHunt I've looked at examples of natural languages, but I'm not sure what's going on with the notation, nor have I been able to identify any patterns that will help me create realistic sound changes for my languages. They can get confused by any change that needs to happen in particular syllables, such as syllable-based syncope, or any change where the environment spans . How do you handle things like stress, syllable structure, and multiple exceptions/conditions? -* Old Portuguese. Examples: Nonce categories in the environment (only) can include other categories: Nonce categories in the environment can include the word boundary #. Similar ideas are umlaut and vowel harmony, in which vowels change depending on other vowels in the word. TriSCA - a new web-based sound change applier. I use capital letters sounds: The Sound Change Applier This page describes a simple program which can apply a set of sound changes to a lexicon. One of the things I'm really passionate about is phonetics vs. phonology. ), and strangest of all, Proto-Indo-European *dw to Armenian erk (???). u//_C(C)F Hit Generate to create a random wordlist. GitHub - alray2569/SoundChange: A sound change applier, for historical If at a certain point in time there are some sounds X in words, they all will change to Y even if some of them were W a few centuries ago while some have been X since the beginning of the language. Back to .sc will collect the text in the input boxes and place them in Sound Changes. The /t/ deletes after another obstruent. Lenition is especially common intervocalically (between two vowels). you might write. says to change u to Some other common notations are # for word boundaries and [+feature] or [-feature] to indicate the presence or lack of a certain feature respectively. Categories: C=ptkbdg R=rl V=ieaou. The syntax is slightly different, which allows you to write some rules more compactly or clearly, but it is feature-rich enough to be a full replacement for SCA2. Hit the Help button for more. conlang GitHub Topics GitHub For instance. Consonants can palatalize before or after a front vowel ([i], [e]) or a palatal consonant ([j]), perhaps ending up as an affricate or fricative. Every week, the hosts George Corley, Bianca Richards (ne Mangum), William S. Annis, David J. Peterson and Mike Lentine, as well as the occasional guest talk about a conlanging- or linguistics-related topic one week and feature a conlang or natlang the next. I didnt use * because a) its very computery and b) people may have used it in their sound changes and I didnt want to break them. ), Show differences from last run, if checked, will boldface any changes from the last run when you hit Apply. -p tells sounds to print out which rules apply One of my works-in-progress is a language called Proto-Oreadin. Two different questions only mildly related = too broad. In my example I used At year 800, /atek/ means nasty and /tul/ means extremely but /ategetul/ means 'very gross food'. Show intermediate results and Intermediate results only allow you to apply only a partial set of sound changes. You can regularise these sounds over time. The results may surprise you if you didnt realize your transcription system was ambigious. It's been a while). (1999), which I would recommend to anyone interested in the subject. There are a lot of real world examples of these specific rules if you want your language to be as realistic as possible! . Unexpected uint64 behaviour 0xFFFF'FFFF'FFFF'FFFF - 1 = 0? Here are the three SCA's shown in this video:SCA2: https://www.zompist.com/sca2.htmlTriSCA: https://trimill.github.io/sca/Lexurgy: https://www.lexurgy.com/s. From: Henrik Theiling <theiling@.> Date: Sunday, May 14, 2006, 21:43 |< < Post > >| << List/Tree >> May 2006 Index. Stolen from this answer by sumelic on linguistics: There is searchable version of the Index Diachronica that allows to search for some sounds and explore postulated and observed changes of that sound. (See here for how to add glosses. How do you model language changes with wave theory (areal developments)? What differentiates living as mere roommates from living in a marriage-like relationship? TypeIt also features 20 Latin alphabets and their extensions as well as matematical, currency and miscellaneous Unicode symbols. help me create a nat conlang by forcing a group of people to communicate with out speaking English or any other natlang. > Regular expression syntax? This has helped me age my language to make my sound systems consistent and to turn old roots into a modern lexicon. have the Notepad icon, and if you double-click it Windows will ask what app to open Need help? Some web browsers have a couple of problems with the shortcuts when writing online, but mouse-clicking always works. What sort of sound changes should you use? You can define any variables needed to state your sound changes. Sound change is nigh unstoppable. What are common origins of accusative case markers? Gen. can help with categories. To use command line parameters you have to have a command line. Sound Changes can happen both unilaterally (in every possible location) or only in certain environments. This word exhibits sounds that did not change with rule B. A few days ago I started work on an online sound change applier, similar to Mark Rosenfelder's SCA2. "Save as type" dropdown to "All files" instead of "Text documents". Note that if you hit Apply without making any changes, all the bolding is removed (since in fact nothing changed between runs). However, it won't affect (say) achior, Without this parameter, the output looks like this: define the variables to match how you've set up the .lex Sound changes, as they're called, are a major driving force of language change. Link: https://trimill.github.io/sca/. or the vocabulary in between runs. Once you have that, you can start trying to change the phonology of the proto-language into this child draft by selecting sound changes and adding them to a list. Is it possible? Only show final output (no arrows) Save Output Words . To see the intermediate results, check Show intermediate results. Here are the three SCA's shown in this video:SCA2: https://www.zompist.com/sca2.htmlTriSCA: https://trimill.github.io/sca/Lexurgy: https://www.lexurgy.com/scLet me know if there are more sound changers you want me to review!Comment below.Become a part of the imp community today!Join the Discord!https://discord.gg/zCA2Urv7TcBecome a atron on Patreon!https://www.patreon.com/nguh-------------------Questions? This may be used to create a full lexicon or to simply pick the genereated words that appeal to you. Make sure the two variable definitions are the same length! This subreddit is focused on the discussion of conlangs, tools, and activities to aid you in the construction of your own conlang, and creating a community environment where we can all enjoy conlanging together, Scan this QR code to download the app now. This is better if you have, say, a parent language with several daughters each with their own sound change file. To improve my Latin-to-Portuguese file, for instance, I would For instance, A variable can also be set to a fixed value, or deleted. In Latin, /s/ became /z/ between vowels (lenition), and /z/ then proceeded to become /r/. So the variable definition and rule @curiousdannii I'm simply asking people to inform me on correct notation of sound changes and common patterns in real examples. Why does Acts not mention the deaths of Peter and Paul? I haven't been able to get solid answers. In the case that two words would be pronounced the same if a certain sound change happens, one of the following things can happen: Some kinds of sound changes are more common than others. E.g. Mark Rosenfelder, 2012. This means that the stops ptc E.g. Haedus Toolbox Sound Change Applier and forum post here. I will add more features as people request them or as I get new ideas. The Haedus Toolbox SCA is a very nice, phonetic segment-operating sound change applier created by Fiona Morrigan, a computational linguist and conlanger. Make your vowels become other vowels and keep me guessing. You can use sounds to help work out a reconstruction for actual languages, to create plausible descendants of a conlang , or in fact to make any structured set of lexical changes to a database of words. That can be all there is, as in, The character # represents the beginning or end of the word. certainly want to handle vowel length and stress. You won't have much control over what you get, but you may get something interesting. (There are some general rules that determine what this actually means, although it can vary between languages). The -p command line parameter The latest version is here! include explanation of the X -> Y / Z notation. Rules apply in the order theyre listed. E.g. This subreddit is focused on the discussion of conlangs, tools, and activities to aid you in the construction of your own conlang, and creating a community environment where we can all enjoy conlanging together. I took these notes a few years ago from Lyle Campbell's Historical Linguistics 1st ed. Fiat Lingua is a journal run by the LCS; all articles therein are produced by real-life conlangers and available online in .pdf format. Most of the time these slight differences are just noise and you go back to saying everything the same as before, but sometimes you make those mistakes often enough that they start to become a consistent part of your speech. Geoff's Sound Change Applier - Conlang Some of these examples are my own, and I apologize if they don't work as universal examples. y is what it changes to, You can apply these rules in certain contexts or in very instance. The character # represents the beginning or end of the word. insufficient vowel reduction) another 35% of the time. These are defined in the Categories box. Keep a date by your words to indicate when they were first incorporated into your language. This means we can read this as "post-vocalic [x] becomes [h] in initial syllables only.". Landing Page | conlang.tools Some common changes that can form part of your repertoire (with some sample sounds rules): I pay particular attention to the havoc the sound changes are likely to wreak on the . I guess this forum really isn't set up for the kind of intense assistance & interaction you really need. It should be easy to make on-the-fly revisions to a project, even one you haven't touched in months. Conlang: Re: Reversible sound change applier (Alex Fink, May 11 '06, 3:03) A tag already exists with the provided branch name. Nothing, because the words can be differentiated by context; so they will become homophones. You may have noticed that applying sound changes to words is quite a tedious process. The first option just prints each output word; this is good for generating a new list of words (e.g. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. Curate this topic Add this topic to your repo . The syntax is slightly different, which allows you to write some rules more compactly or clearly, but it is feature-rich enough to be a full replacement for SCA2. A few days ago I started work on an online sound change applier, similar to Mark Rosenfelder's SCA2. . coser 'to sew'. gen - language text generator - Zompist.com It doesn't matter: the program If that was unclear from the question please tell me and I will edit it to bring this out more. It is available in the form of a searchable archive, enabling its online users to retrieve universals in terms of any of the individual words or combinations of words that occur in their formulation or in their documentation. Join. Why don't we use the 7805 for car phone chargers? Sometimes you want the rewrite rules to apply only to the input. I use capital letters for this, though this is not a requirement. will merge. I find myself running the program multiple times, tweaking the rules The basic idea here is that when you're making your conlang you should have in your mind a parent language (or proto-language) and a child language. You can write transformation rules at the beginning of your sound change list PHOIBLE Online is a repository of cross-linguistic phonological inventory data, which have been extracted from source documents and tertiary databases and compiled into a single searchable convenience sample. which tells the program to replace gn with nh unconditionally. Lateral consonants + Palatal click. Sounds: The Sound Change Applier - Zompist.com The advantage is that it supports Unicode, itll run on all systems, and you dont have to mess with ASCII or command lines anymore. F=ie Similarly, I wrote the rules to output Well talk about exactly what that means below. E.g. Or alternately, one that will work in conjunction with SIL's Toolbox (or other SIL product)? A minor scale definition: am I missing something? nothing about phonetics, so you have to remember to As for b), the best way to get an idea for what kinds of things generally happen in languages is honestly probably just by reading about lots of different languages and seeing what tends to happen. For instance, sounds will take fam(i)ly, mem(o)ry [medial vowels deleted]; 'populu > people [unstressed vowels other than 'a' deleted in Latin if greater than 2 syllables], deletion of initial sound (mostly vowels), apoteca (Latin) > bodega (Spanish) 'warehouse', skola (Latin) > eskola (Old French) 'school', insertion of consonant between consonants, husped > huspede (some Spanish dialects) 'guest', vowel lengthens to fill space from deletion, *ton > to: > tu (English evolution) 'tooth', /s/ or /z/ goes to /r/ usually between vowels or glides, *hauzjan > ho:ren > hieran (English evolution) 'hear', sounds change positions (sometimes sporatically), prbbli > prbli 'probably' (some English dialects), (term for dipthongization used in Germanic linguistics) *kald > ceald (Old English) 'cold', common changes are devoicing of stops or obstruents but sonorants or final vowels can also devoice, lupu > lobo 'wolf'; vi:ta > vida 'life" (Spanish evolution); can affect just stops, just fricatives, or all obstruents for example, nasals agree in place with following sound, velar or alveolar to palato-alveolar before/after /i/ or /j/ or before front vowels, consonants are palatalized upon a condition, susi > susji > susj (some Finnish dialects) 'wolf', auru- > oro (Latin to Spanish) 'gold'; some English dialects before /r/ like fa:r 'fire', ta:r 'tire', low or mid vowels raise to mid or high vowels, long or tense or word-final vowels frequently rise, high or mid vowels lowering to mid or low, vowels vowels frequently lower before uvular or pharyngeal consonants or a low vowel in the next syllable; nasalized vowels often lower, nasalization of vowel before a nasal consonant, bon > bn > b (French) 'good'; common for nasalization to be followed by deletion of the nasal, single consonant changes to a doubled consonant, some Finnish dialects change VCV: to VCCV: as in pakoon > pakkoon 'into flight', sequence of two identical consonants is reduced to a single consonant, pekkatu- > pekado (Latin to Spanish) 'sin, misfortune', consonant (usually a stop or fricative) becomes an affricate, rapra > rara (Cuzco Quechua syllable-final stops) 'leaf, wing', in Mayan, vowels are lengthened before a consonant cluster which begins with a sonorant (l, r, m, n): kenq' > ke:nq', common word-finally, before consonant clusters, when unstressed; long vowels also often merge with short vowels.
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