~ Peace of Prague (1635): German Protestant states led by Saxony compromised w/ Ferdinand. That same day, Spain, Great Britain, France and the Empire agreed to the evacuation of Catalonia and an armistice in Italy. (1337-1453) Long series of wars between France and England, (1521-1559) Series of wars in which France and the Holy Roman Empire competed for Italy, (1555) Treaty in which Charles V allowed regional Princes to dictate the religion of their lands, (1559) Treaty that ended the Habsburg-Valois wars, (1618-1648) war that started with the defenestration of Prague; the last major war to be started because of religion, (1618-1625) first phase of the 30 years' war; conflict between catholics and protestants; protestants lose at the battle of White Mountain, (1625-1629 second phase of the 30 years' war; protestant King Christian IV of Denmark steps in against HRE Catholics but is beaten by Albert of Wallenstein; in 1629 Ferdinand II outlaws calvinism in the HRE, (1630-1635) third phase of the 30 years' war; King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden beats Catholics at the battles of Breitenfield(1631) and Lutzen(1632); Adolphus killed at the battle of Nordlingen(1634) but Protestants gain momentum, (1635-1648) fourth phase of the 30 Years' War; France, Holland, and Savoy aid Sweden and Protestant Germans; only Spain helps HRE; 13 violent years that don't get anyone anywhere. - France loses Gibraltar, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Hudson Bay to England Performances of Peace - 2015-10 "Performances of Peace: Utrecht 1713" aims to rethink the significance of the Peace of Utrecht (1713) by exploring the nexus between culture and politics. in Eastern and Western Europe. -Traditional restraints on women were lifted, encouraged to mix and play greater gender role (Family Life), Economics: -Estonia, much of present day Latvia ceded to Russia -- Parliament now reigned supreme. Chapter 17. -- "Babylonian Captivity" -Desired Spain to be a major power (economy dependent on imports of gold, silver+ goods) -> set off inflation 1. mercantile practices or spirit; commercialism 2. France ceded Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, the Hudson Bay territory, and the island of St. Kitts to Britain and promised to demolish the fortifications at Dunkirk, which had been used as a base for attacks on English and Dutch shipping. One of the major reasons for the strong position of England from 1685-1763 lies in the supremacy of Therefore, this supremacy of Parliament provided Britain with the ~ creates standing army for internal opposition, Austria forced to turn East + Face Ottoman Threat **Negative Result: War: deny others land, trade, power, increase Global conflict over resources. System of international commerce ~War caused much Hardship and misery in France (Finances) the court at Versailles was too removed from the lives and problems of the common people. JOHN CALVIN --> people already predestined for salvation; success on earth determined place in heaven; hard work and no leisure time were signs of success. -Internal War: Spain sends troops to Ferdinand (Maximilian of Bavaria+ Lutheran elector John George I Saxony support) [7], The Peace confirmed the Bourbon candidate as Philip V of Spain to remain as king. Recognizes protestants in HRE. The fact that Bolingbroke had secretly ordered the British commander, the Duke of Ormonde, to withdraw from the Allied forces before the Battle of Denain (informing the French but not the Allies), and the fact that they secretly arrived at separate peace with France was a fait accompli, made the objections of the Allies pointless. ~ Vastly expanded Britain, Guides religious settlements w/ Parliament by merging a centralized episcopal system Happened during the Nine Years' War. -- ecological exchange and its effects on both the Americas and Europe and Africa. The Pope was in Rome and was Italian (use of Spanish Inquisition). existing social and political structures. The Seven Northern Dutch provinces signed the Union of Utrecht, creating a defensive alliance against the Spanish, but they were politically independent with no absolute ruler. A. monarchies resented the Church for not paying any taxes to the nation, but collecting taxes -weakened traditional parliamentary liberties C. Civil war (1642-1649): Roundheads versus Cavaliers -taxation approval, no forced loans, trials, no quartering of soldiers -- make France the intellectual and political "light" to the rest of the world. Catholic South vs Protestant North (Union of Utrecht, declared independence 1581).England gets . Smallpox infects natives and kills off almost 40%. -- new reform orders (Theatines, Capuchins, Ursulines, Modern Devotion, Oratorians). Church control. Established Prussia as a major military power / counter-balance to the Austrian Empire in Central Europe Initiated a long period of peace in central Europe (drained of resources) Partitioning of Poland Autonomous power of the Polish nobility remained intact and the Polish Diet proved to be an ineffective lawmaking body The Netherlands was home to a number of important scientists and philosophers, and the country was at the forefront of the scientific revolution that took place during this period. A. Henry VIII of England resented the church for not granting him a divorce of Catherine of Aragon. -- built Versailles (keep the nobles under his watchful eyes!) - Grand Remonstrance passed outlining grievances -faced revolts of nobility and Parlement of Paris (court) Thus, the Dutch Republic was really more of an oligarchy, with power concentrated in the hands of wealthy merchants. ~ bulk of taxes fell onto towns, MONEY=> make army => make bureaucracy => Don't need nobility => consolidate power on own During peace negotiations Leopold died Charles VI became Austrian king and claimed Spain Resolution: Spanish empire was carved up between England, Austria and France and Spain itself was left in tact. (prevent a war between 2 Christian Countries), Cortez lands in Veracruz and makes alliances with Anti-Aztec natives. The Major Themes of the Era: Dispute followed the death of Charles II in 1700, and fourteen years of war were the result. Another important factor in the Dutch Golden Age was the country's political and economic system. -> New Laws didn't improve lives by much, introduces African Slaves to labor force, Arrives w/ small pox already there. F. economic depression at the end of the 16c. 1555, ended religious civil war between roman catholic and lutherans in germany, each german prince power to choice religion of state, failed to provide recognition for calvinsts or other religious groups, 1545-1563, reform catholic church discipline and reaffirm church doctrine, preserved papacy as center of christianity, confirm all 7 sacraments, reaffirm latin as language of worship, forbade clerical marriage, 1598 issued by henry 4 of france, granted religious tolerance to french protestants, marked first formal recognition by a european nation monarchy that 2 religions could coexist in same country, revoked by louis 14 1685, 1648 thirty years war, recognized calvinism as a legal faith, recognize independence of 300 german states, german political state still fragile, sweden additionall territory confirm status as major power, acknowledge indpendence of united provinces of netherlands, 1713 ended louis 14 effort to dominate europe, philip 5 king of spain, spain and france cant have same monarch, spanish nethlerands to austria along with milan naples and sicily, 1713 guaranteed succession of habsburg emperor charles 6 daughter maria theresa to throne, habsburg lands individsable, violated when fredrick great invade silesia in 1740, 1815 enacted a settlement that was acceptable to both the victors and to france, create a balance of power that lasted until unification of germany in 1871, underestimated force of liberalism and nationalism, used principle of legit to restore bourbons to throne in france, unite belguim with netherlands, create lose confedeation of 39 german states dominated by austria, establish rules for dividing africa amongst the european powers, a european state could no longer simply declare a region of africa its colony. The main action saw France as the defender of Spain against a multinational coalition. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket If you could only earn 5% on your investments, how much would you be ready to pay for the chance to own this stream? -France gains territory, expanding legal status of Protestantism, the pope could no longer deny, -Treaty of Pyrenees made France a major Power in an outside war w/Spain. Chapter 14 AGE OF EXPANSION Gustavus Adolphus (1594-1632) - Duke of Alva (1508-1582 - Armada (1588) - Vasco de Balboa-Christopher Columbus- Concordat of Bologna (1516 - -- he denounced the Pope for involvement in politics as well as religion. Calvinists were to be tolerated throughout Europe. Email me your results to jeffraymond2002@yahoo.com. - Philip concerned with enjoying life 3. f(x)=x(x1);x=4f(x)=x(\sqrt{x}-1) ; x=4 -- a conservative response to the spread of Protestantism. Treaty of Utrecht 1713-Colonial Wars. ~ Habsburgs conquered almost all of Hungary and Transylvania by 1699, State now 3 separate territories ruled by Habsburg Monarch: Finally, with the dominance of shipbuilding and its massive fleet, the Dutch formed the. -- stock exchange --> Bourse at Antwerp. -- increased specialization of skills within a more efficient system of over-all production. Some of the most notable figures of this period include mathematician and philosopher Ren Descartes and scientist Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. leadership of Europe. -Overseas territory/trade and European balance of power also a Issue -tax increase 3x for peasants: "soul tax" replace land tax Due Monday April 20: Create timeline like last time ( below) - one overall course - other Early Politics - you can draw and send pictures, PowerPoint, or Google Slides: email to jeffraymond2002@yahoo.com. Utrecht (1713) 0. war. -- Protestants suffered. The war involved three contenders for the vacant throne of Spain, and involved much of Europe for over a decade. ~ nobility too concerned w/ rights/privilege/ status -Ferdinand III centralizes German speaking provinces (Austria, Styria, Tyrol) - Brandenburg-Prussia most powerful Northern German state Patients' rights in the European Union Oxford Academic. A. Salvation by faith alone. -Treaty of Nijmegen gave France more Flemish towns The country was home to a number of talented artists and writers, and the prosperity of the period allowed for a flourishing arts scene. Peace of Westphalia, European settlements of 1648, which brought to an end the Eighty Years' War between Spain and the Dutch and the German phase of the Thirty Years' War. War of the Spanish Succession . B. policies of Leopold II, Maria Theresa, Joseph II --> "Enlightened Despots" The French negotiator Melchior de Polignac taunted the Dutch with the scathing remark de vous, chez vous, sans vous,[28] meaning that negotiations would be held "about you, around you, without you". However, these challenges did not diminish the country's overall prosperity and cultural achievements, and the Dutch Golden Age remains an important period in European history. Skip to document. -Defeat in Central Europe forced Austria to turn east + Consolidate rule Euro-> NW: crops, domestic animals, diseases A. Catholic "Counter"-Reformation Set a timer for 45 minutes. Mar 9, 1661 . K. The Church is subordinate to and the agent of civil authority. -- much financial abuse in Church --> simony, benefices; 30% of land in Eur. F. Only "sacraments" were Baptism and the Eucharist (were only a symbol of God's presence). The Netherlands was home to a number of important scientists and philosophers, and the country was at the forefront of the scientific revolution that took place during this period. GorenteTas is an initiative of students of Utrecht University that has been establish since 1994 who . Bourbon France had previously held the Asiento de Negros, allowing French slave traders to supply 5,000 slaves to the Spanish Empire each year; France had gained control over this contract after Philip V had become King of Spain. -Duke of Alba marched army into Netherlands to threaten English invasion -Birth of Catholic son raises fears of a new Catholic dynasty -- Pragmatic Sanctions (Maria Theresa). Omissions? - Spanish Netherlands, Milan, Naples given to Austria ~ revenue tripled, army grew 10x The Reformation worked in Northern Europe because: Eighteenth-Century Spain 1700-1788 - W.N.Hargreaves- Mawdsley 1979-06-17 A History of the American People - Paul Johnson 1999-02-17 [5] Reluctantly the United Provinces accepted the preliminaries and sent representatives, but Emperor Charles VI refused to do so until he was assured that the preliminaries were not binding. to the Protestant side in the Thirty Years' War. Trevelyan noted: "The finances of the country were based in May 1711 on the assumption that the Asiento, or monopoly of the slave trade with Spanish America, would be wrested from France as an integral part of the terms of peace". -- unpopular military dictatorship. D. Martin Luther's 95 Theses. The country's strategic location and strong navy allowed it to establish a lucrative trade network that stretched across Europe and beyond. Brought religious peace to HRE. One of the seven places with a vote to choose the next Holy Roman Emperor. B. nobility. - August 1640: Scots defeat English army Charles owes Scots $$ -- costly, inefficient methods of tax collecting (nobility not taxed) (belief total volume of trade is fixed) ~ royal officials = INTENDANTS sent to provinces to carry orders of the king, (reduced local governor powers) sovereignty. Parliament (** see your notes for further details **) - Centralized central administration (finances) goal: eliminate Protestantism in France & replace Henry III, Guise supported by Spain & Protestants supported by German Princes \end{array} -Maintained political control over Catholic Church (appointments), Louis moved against perceived weakness of German States In the second half of the 17th century, England emerged as the dominant commercial power, and the Dutch Republic gradually declined. answer choices. August 1589, Henry III assassinated by crazy monk -reduced power of high nobles (of blood, [NOBLES OF THE SWORD]) ~ Upholds Balance of Powers systems. Married clergy. 2 . Chapter Outline 4.17 TheGrand Monarque and the Balance of Power a. G. tolerance --> a greater acceptance of different societies and cultures. system. C. capitalism --> private ownership of the means of production and distribution; capital is invested in -France -- charter banks --> Bank of Amsterdam (1609); bank of London (1694). - Each State appointed a Stadholder as executive (House of Orange) -royal patronage: sell offices, reward loyalty w/ contracts -divides Russia into provinces to extend royal authority AP EUROPEAN HISTORY 2018 SCORING GUIDELINES Question 1 Document-Based Question Maximum Possible Points: 7 "Evaluate whether the Thirty Years' War was fought primarily for religious or primarily for political reasons." Points Rubric Notes A: Thesis/Claim (0-1) Thesis/claim: Responds to the prompt with a historically -Habsburg possessions not to be divided and passed onto single heir Agriculture Introduction With the exception of Holland, at least 80 percent of the people of all western European countries drew their livelihoods from agriculture In 1700 European agriculture was much more ancient and medieval In crisis years, when crops were ruined by drought or flood, starvation forced people to use substitutes . -Believes in Divine Right to rule (Responsible to God, not Parliament) In the treaty with Savoy, France recognized Victor Amadeus II, duke of Savoy, as king of Sicily and that he should rule Sicily and Nice. AP European History Concept utline 21 Coee Boad Period 1: c. 1450-c. 1648 1. the Holy Roman Empire, Poland, and the Ottoman Empire. The country was frequently at war with other European powers, and it was also hit by a number of economic crises. - Nobility exempted from taxes, *Major Sign of Fallen Status: Taking loans from Portugal, ended with: prestige and power of a modern nation. -Calvinists gain legal recognition, independence of Swiss Confederacy, and United Provinces of Netherlands, are a long recognized proclaimed in law B. Luther appealed to nationalistic feelings in the German states Guise assassinated by Royal Guard in December 1588 Queen Anne and her advisors had also come to agree.[26]. The Age of Louis XIV: (the "Sun King") ~ people tied to the King, opposed by Dutch, English and Sweden -Bishop Jacques Bossuet: Politics Drawn from the Very Words of Scripture-> gov. The War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1714) was a European conflict triggered by the death of the last Habsburg king of Spain, Charles II, in 1700. -Abolished monarchy, House of Lords and Anglican Church -- Henry VIII of England's defiance of papal power. 1600s-Dutch East India Company (banking+ shipping The 1707, 1715 and 1716 Nueva Planta decrees abolished regional political structures in the kingdoms of Aragon, Valencia, Majorca and the Principality of Catalonia, although Catalonia and Aragon retained some of these rights until 1767. ~Edict of Restitution: Peace of Utrecht treaty Louis XIV was forced into in order to cede Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, and the Hudson Bay territory to Britain Treaty of Paris British victory on all colonial fronts was ratified. -Tried to get approval, but agreements unbinding, -Takes control and visits West (1697-1698) In the treaty with the Dutch, France agreed that the United Provinces should annex part of Gelderland and should retain certain barrier fortresses in the Spanish Netherlands. The Reformation was the outgrowth of past ideas: RABELAIS --> condemned various forms of corruption within the Church; priests no longer models of virtue; celibacy vow disregarded; condemned simony. Petition of Right. -- evolution of the Cabinet system. -- religion PAX for peace mrt. Since the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713, . At this time, neither European power saw North America as a place worth devoting significant military resources. Peace of Utrecht Las Nava de Tolosa King Alfonso VIII of Castille War of Spanish Succession Phillip II Independent Coalition of States Economic Spanish Armada Golden Age Inflation Columbian Exchange Castille Aragon Leon Antwerp Almahad Banner Mercantilism Loose Confederation Social Humanism Lope de Veje Reconquista Catholic Golden Age Bull Fighting - Parliament became more Puritan, sought reform of Anglican church He also believed that rulers should rule without anyone's consent. - decreases taxes for nobility The Whigs even called the treaty a sellout for letting the duke of Anjou stay on the Spanish throne. I. Colombian Exchange: import/ export of plants, animals, disease between NW and Europe Social Significance of the Reformation: Habsburg-Valois Wars. [31] Some historians argue this makes it a significant milestone in the evolution of the modern nation state and concept of a balance of power. by chi ze renae, Jan. 2008. pour servir de fondement auz Negociations de Geertruydenberg. -fears of Charles II was a Catholic sympathizer (relations were Catholic, alliance w/ France secretly), Fear of Catholicism intensify - France loses Gibraltar, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Hudson Bay to England C. Only true authority is the Bible. -2nd Fronde (1650-1652) crushed due to infighting of nobles, France Reaches Absolutist Development Period of "creative breakup" -- he learned the lessons of his predecessors (Don't mess with Parliament!) (Lord Protector) The treaty of Utrecht confirmed the system of sovereign states established earlier by the Peace of Westphalia. [33] While the war left all participants with unprecedented levels of government debt, only Great Britain successfully financed it. Ap Euro Events Terms in this set (16) Peace of Augsburg 1555, ended religious civil war between roman catholic and lutherans in germany, each german prince power to choice religion of state, failed to provide recognition for calvinsts or other religious groups Council of Trent Peace of Augsburg 1555 % complete The decree that the leader of a region may choose between Lutheranism and Catholic. The Peace of Utrecht was a series of peace treaties signed by the belligerents in the War of the Spanish Succession, in the Dutch city of Utrecht between April 1713 and February 1715. ~ removed from royal council, replaced with new titles { Nobles of the robe} - Money Spain received was going towards foreign policy ~Ferdinand seeks Albrecht of Wallenstien -> brings force to Denmark language). Nations were looking for new trade routes which led to new explorations. ~ Peace of Utrecht -- English Bill of Rights (1668-1689) --> it settled all of the major issues between the kings and d. Concluded between various European states, it helped end the War of the Spanish Succession (1702-1713). VII. Had a right to choose the Holy Roman emperor with six other electors but possessed no political power. The Idea of the Balance of Power i. League of Augsburg/War of the League of Augsburg, Anti-French alliance between England, the Holy Roman Empire, Spain, and Austria. King of Spain from France during the first half of the 1700's. Most of the wars of the period, including conflicts fought outside of Europe, stemmed from attempts either to preserve or disturb the balance of power . trial by jury) and est. 2023 Fiveable Inc. All rights reserved. First edition of the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht between Great Britain and Spain in Spanish (left) and a later edition in Latin and English. In africa in emotional exuberance and. J. Puritans in England; Huguenots in France; Presbyterians in Scotland. You join either have text and image or an umbrella option but always both. AP European History. The opponents of the treaty tried to rally support under the slogan of No Peace Without Spain. -- Catherine the Great --> expansion of Russian borders in SW; solidifying the power of the Czars;
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