In this treatise, he argued that gaseous clouds (nebulae) slowly rotate, gradually collapsing and flattening due to gravity and forming stars and planets. It would have collapsed gravitationally (the particles of the Nebula began to gather and compress). E) the satellite system of Jupiter. All rights reserved. D) Giotto. The hot-Jupiters and warm-Jupiters are thought to have migrated to their current orbits during or following their formation. In contrast, the giant planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune) formed beyond the point between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter where material is cool enough for volatile icy compounds to remain solid (i.e. e. a few meters in diameter. There are three specific qualities that differentiate the two from each other. d. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune only E) Venus. But as we have learned, the inner planets and outer planets have radically different axial tilts.. The smallest planet, Mercury, has no moons. All the planets orbit the Sun in exactly the same plane as the Earth. d. mass per unit volume Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. d. IF The solar nebula theory asserts that the solar system was birthed by a monolithic interstellar gas cloud that condensed to form the sun and planets. The Laplacian nebular model was widely accepted during the 19th century, but it had some rather pronounced difficulties. Currently the best theory is the Nebular Theory . Many of the Jupiter-sized planets have eccentric orbits which may indicate that gravitational encounters occurred between the planets, although migration while in resonance can also excite eccentricities. large jovians orbiting solar-type stars about where our jovians are found. astronomy exam study assignment 6 Flashcards | Quizlet The extrasolar planets are found mainly by observing the ________ shifts of their stars. II. A similar model, but with the planets being formed before the Sun, was proposed by the French astronomer and mathematician Pierre-Simon Laplace in 1796. [20] Formation of both planets required merging of approximately 1020 embryos, while an equal number of them were thrown out of the Solar System. The planet will probably have a mean density of around 5 g/cm3 II. Astronomy Unit 5 Flashcards | Quizlet In the 20th century, two competing hypotheses were proposed for the extinction of the dinosaurs and the formation of the solar system. It would have collapsed gravitationally (the particles of the Nebula began to gather and compress). At this point, the Sun became a main-sequence star. How Does the Interstellar Medium Help Form Stars? C) are evenly spaced throughout the solar system. E) where the comet came from. d. cout << "! Support comes from observations at infrared and radio wavelengths, which have revealed disks of matter around young stars. A) the Kuiper belt. All four jovian planets are thought to have cores larger than Earth, All jovian planets have rings around their equators and at least eight moons, Pluto is more similar to the jovian planet's icy moons than to any of the planets, Due to their great masses, all four jovian worlds are much denser than the Earth, A Kuiper Belt object was discovered that may be larger than Pluto, Barringer Crater in Arizona is an example of a meteorite impact, Most astronomers now believe the demise of the dinosaurs 65 million years ago was caused by a b. false, Density is defined as: A) slower due to conservation of angular momentum. Why is the solar nebula theory considered a theory rather than a hypothesis? Both types of planet begun with planetesimals growing through the process of accretion, but only the jovian planets were able to capture hydrogen and helium gas from the solar nebula. According to the nebular theory, stars form in massive and dense clouds of molecular hydrogen - giant molecular clouds or GMC. B) most extrasolar systems are not seen edge-on. counter clockwise. (z > w) << endl; Various simulations have also demonstrated that the accretion of material in these discs leads to the formation of a few Earth-sized bodies. c. caused by the Earth passing near the orbit of an old short-period comet B) the great nebula found just below the belt stars of Orion. Another objection was that the Sun possesses less angular momentum (dependent on the total mass, its distribution, and the speed of rotation) than the theory seemed to require. It was considered hard to grow grains above a cm, and when they grow they rapidly brake and fall onto the star. C) the asteroid Ceres. [81], Solar nebular model: achievements and problems, Formation of stars and protoplanetary disks, Compare it with the particle number density of the air at the sea level, The T Tauri stars are young stars with mass less than about 2.5. b. sixty degrees ahead or behind Jupiter, sharing its orbit about the Sun Chapter 4: The Solar System: Interplanetary M, Astrononmy: The Terrestrial Planets: Ch 6, American Literature: Frederick Douglass, Olau, Jeffrey O. Bennett, Mark Voit, Megan O. Donahue, Nicholas O. Schneider. After reviewing this lesson, you should have the ability to: 28 chapters | [22], However, that meaning should not be confused with the process of accretion forming the planets. A) comets The ices that formed these planets were more plentiful than the metals and silicates that formed the terrestrial inner planets, allowing them to grow massive enough to capture large atmospheres of hydrogen and helium. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. The nebular hypothesis has thus become the prevailing theory of the origin of the solar system. B) jovian satellites Astronomy-Chapter 15 Flashcards | Quizlet Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. That blows a 2nd generation of large bubbles with massive, compressed shells, The shells would lead to a 3d generation of ~ 500 1000 stars of Sun size or less. The age of the solar system is determined with ________ dating. A) comets [28][31][68] Some combination of the above-mentioned ideas may explain the formation of the cores of gas giant planets such as Jupiter and perhaps even Saturn. The theory was proposed by French mathematician Pierre Simon Laplace . While originally applied only to the Solar System, the SNDM was subsequently thought by theorists to be at work throughout the Universe, and has been used to explain the formation of many of the exoplanets that have been discovered throughout our galaxy. Long-period comets are believed to originally come from: Hydrogen and helium are the most common elements throughout the universe. [66] This happens gradually, due to the formation of a density gap in the protoplanetary disk and to disk dispersal. CHAPTER 1: THE SOLAR SYSTEM - uh.edu The Trojan asteroids are found a. only Jupiter and Saturn lower due to presence of a lot of ________. The Solar System that we live in consists of a medium-size star (the Sun) with eight planets orbiting it. So far, beyond the solar system the extrasolar planets found have been mostly: b. large jovians very close to theiri star. C) among the orbits of the terrestrial planets C) the direction of the Sun. The resonant orbits of some of the exoplanet systems indicates that some migration occurred in these systems, while the spacing of the orbits in many of the other systems not in resonance indicates that an instability likely occurred in those systems after the dissipation of the gas disk. solar nebular disk model (SNDM) Archives - Universe Today a few kilo in size and very low in density. Name three differences between terrestrial and jovian planets. It helped me pass my exam and the test questions are very similar to the practice quizzes on Study.com. D) noting the Doppler shifts of the star as the planet orbits it from side to side. The Solar System: Layout, Formation & Dating, Solar Nebula Theory & Patterns of Planetary Motion, Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses, Characteristics of Our Solar System's Planets, Momentum, Energy, Pressure, Temperature & Gas, Small Celestial Bodies & Satellites in Our Solar System, The Atmosphere on Earth and Other Planets, The Solar Nebula Theory: Formation of the Solar System, Major Characteristics of Planets in the Solar System, Theoretical vs. Actual Temperature in our Solar System, NY Regents Exam - Physics: Test Prep & Practice, Praxis Chemistry: Content Knowledge (5245) Prep, College Chemistry: Homework Help Resource, Study.com ACT® Test Prep: Practice & Study Guide, Solar Nebular Hypothesis: Definition & Explanation, SAT Chemistry Test Strategy: Estimation & Elimination, Guessing Strategies for SAT Subject Tests, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. According to the solar nebula theory, why is the Earth's orbit nearly in the plane of the sun's equator? n=1,690,541,699=74113232n=1,690,541,699=7^{4} \cdot 11^{3} \cdot 23^{2}n=1,690,541,699=74113232, Name each of the following molecular compounds: (6.5) The NEAR spacecraft actually landed on the asteroid ________ in February 2001. B) a volcanic event. Laplace theorized that the Sun originally had an extended hot atmosphere throughout the Solar System, and that this protostar cloud cooled and contracted. Updates? In some cases, we have seen extrasolar planets pass in front of their stars. Astronomers have not yet been able to detect planets outside our solar system. According to modern science, what was the approximate chemical composition of the solar nebula? Planetesimals Concept & Theory | What are Planetesimals? B) mass per unit volume. The first spacecraft to land on the surface of an asteroid was named f. P2O5\mathrm{P}_2 \mathrm{O}_5P2O5. Planetary Science: The Science of Planets around Stars, Second Edition, Michael M. Woolfson, p. 190, Brester, David (1876), "More Worlds Than One: The Creed of the Philosopher and the Hope of the Christian", Chatto and Windus, Piccadilly, p. 153, As quoted by David Brewster, "More worlds than one: the creed of the philosopher and the hope of the Christian", Fixed stars and binary systems. The migration of the super-Earths, or the embryos that collided to form them, is likely to have been Type I due to their smaller mass. So, what this theory is saying is as follows: Originally, there was a rotating cloud of gas that condensed and flattened out like a pancake. In addition to revolving around the Sun counter clockwise, most planets also rotate on their axis As the sun collapsed to form, gas and dust particles in the nebula collided and slowly migrated toward the plane of rotation of the nebula. Name the four principal types of solar-system debris; pair them up in terms of composition, Asteroids: Large chunks of metals and rock primarily formed between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter in the asteroid belt, Metereoroids: A meteoroid is a small rocky or metallic body in outer space. most stars are too bright for us to decect a planetary transit. Swedish philosopher Emanuel Swedenborg in 1734 proposed that the planets formed out of a nebular crust that had surrounded the Sun and then broken apart. How do scientists determine how long ago Earth first formed? Most of the material ended up in a ball at the center while the rest of the matter flattened out into disk that circled around it. The influence of giant planets in the Solar System, particularly that of Jupiter, is thought to have been limited because they are relatively remote from the terrestrial planets. According to the nebular theory of solar system formation, which law best explains why the solar nebula spun faster as it shrank in size? E) a chunk of space debris orbiting the Earth. B) the interstellar medium. It takes all the different kinds of information and merges them into one hypothesis that seems to match all the observations. All planets lie in orbits close to the ________ plane. a ________. Both terrestrial and Jovian planets make up our solar system. 98% hydrogen and helium, 2% everything else. Question: Our solar system was created from a dust and gas cloud called the solar nebula. ecliptic plane and in fairly circular orbits, The ________ is a vast, spherical array of long period comet nuclei far beyond the orbit of As the sun collapsed to form, gas and dust particles in the nebula collided and slowly migrated toward the plane of rotation of the nebula. How Was the Solar System Formed? - The Nebular Hypothesis Another method is the Radial Velocity Methods, which looks for the periodic doppler shifts in the star's spectral lines as it moves about the center of mass. E) should be randomly oriented to their star's equator. [73] The orbits of many of these planets and systems of planets differ significantly from the planets in the Solar System. E) a flattened belt of cometary nuclei just beyond the orbit of Neptune. We say that the shape of a liquid is the same as the shape of its container. What is true about solar system densities? 38) The jovian planets As a rotating gas cloud contracts, it spins The ________ is the spherical outgassing as a comet nucleus is heated by the Sun. By Robert Hazen, Ph.D. , George Mason University. Compute the rotational speed of the output shaft. ocean floor topography can be estimated from space using ________. In this context, accretion refers to the process of cooled, solidified grains of dust and ice orbiting the protostar in the protoplanetary disk, colliding and sticking together and gradually growing, up to and including the high-energy collisions between sizable planetesimals. E) Both A and C are correct. [2][19], The last stage of rocky planet formation is the merger stage. There are several methods that can be used to aid this observance. Meteorites are important because_ I feel like its a lifeline. As a variant they may collide with the central star or a giant planet. C) at a constant rate. The appearance and composition of these meteorites is just what we'd expect if metal and rock condensed and accreted as the nebular theory suggests. Relative to the comet, the direction of the ion tail tells us E) a broken up cometary nucleus. A) Mars. Which of the following are the jovian planets? [30][67] Searches as of 2011 have found that core accretion is likely the dominant formation mechanism. According to our present theory of solar system formation, which statement about the growth of terrestrial and jovian planets is not true The jovian planets began from planetesimals made only of ice, while the terrestrial planets began from planetesimals made only of rock and metal. It was during this time, from the 16th to 18th centuries, that astronomers and physicists began to formulate evidence-based explanations of how our Sun, the planets, and the Universe began. A) very durable, made of iron. [20], The formation of giant planets is an outstanding problem in the planetary sciences. The study of star forming molecular clouds shows that same early, large stars form that way. Kant-Laplace nebular hypothesis | astronomy | Britannica In some cases, we have seen extrasolar planets pass in front of their stars. Comets are not actually members of the solar system, but have been captured by the Sun. Meteoric material dates the formation of the solar system at about ________ billion years. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. e. a volcanic event. [33] In this model giant planet formation is divided into two stages: a) accretion of a core of approximately 10MEarth and b) accretion of gas from the protoplanetary disk. Most objects in the Solar System have a common direction of revolution and rotation because they formed from the same rotating gas cloud. [71] Migration is caused by the interaction of the planet sitting in the gap with the remaining disk. B) comet nuclei A) cometary debris. All ________ planets have rings around their equators. C) sixty degrees ahead or behind Jupiter, sharing its orbit about the Sun. Red Supergiant Life Cycle & Facts | What is a Red Supergiant? The Nebular Hypothesis and Formation of the Solar System Create your account. If a massive companion planet or star on an inclined orbit was present an exchange of inclination for eccentricity via the Kozai mechanism raising eccentricities and lowering perihelion followed by circularization can also result in a close orbit.
Categorías