A second observation to make from this map is how pervasive slavery was to the United States. This is the first significant uprising of African slaves. By 1850 nearly two-thirds of the plantation slaves were engaged in the production of cotton. Hanover, Wake, Warren and Wayne. SURNAME MATCHES AMONG AFRICAN AMERICANS ON 1870 CENSUS: (exact surname spellings only are reported, no spelling variations or soundex), (SURNAME, # in US, in State, in County, born in State, born and living in State, born in State and living in County), JOHNSON, 33402, 1870, 133, 2773, 1789, 122, WILLIAMS, 28865, 2124, 188, 3049, 2007, 168. The actual number of slaveholders may be for 1870 and 1960, the transcriber did not take into consideration any relevant changes in county boundaries. 1870 U.S. Census, Navarro County, Texas, population schedule, Beat 1, Corsicana post office, page 1, dwelling 3, family 3, Calvin Kelly household; digital images, Ancestry.com; citing NARA microfilm publication M593, FS Library Film roll 1600. Some states also produced their own state censuses in the period between the surviving 1880 and 1900 federal censuses. Some examples of newspapers available are Voice of the People, 1901-1904, a newspaper published in Atlanta by Bishop Henry McNeal Turner as the monthly organ of the Colored National Emigration Association (Georgia Archives Microfilm #60/22); and The Athens Blade, 1879-1880, which published religious and social news about blacks in Athens and some surrounding counties. Newspapers: There are a variety of newspapers available, arranged by city of publication, county of publication, and title of the newspaper. Senegambia: The Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Senegal Most of the African American heads of household in the South in 1880 would have been born under slavery. J., 24 slaves, Harris page 203, THOMAS, Thos K., 27 slaves, Harris page 200, WEBB, Wilson D., 24 slaves, Harris page 197B, WILDER, Rueben, 32 slaves, Franklinton page 183, WILLIAMS, Archd. But they do give a large overview of the forced labor system which made the nation "half slave and half free.". By 1680 in Barbados the average plantation had about 60 slaves, and in Jamaica in 1832 about 150. The invention of the cotton gin by Eli Whitney in 1793 changed the situation, and thereafter cotton culture created a huge demand for slaves, especially after the opening of the New South (Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas). In September of 1861, the U.S. Coast Survey published a large map, approximately two feet by three feet, titled a "Map showing the distribution of the slave population of the southern states of the United States." In 1860, the eighth census counted 3,953,760. Who was the first African American to graduate from Harvard? The information on surname matches of 1870 African Americans and 1860 slaveholders is intended merely to provide data ELLIOTT: That's economic historian Susan Carter. 1522. LARGEST SLAVEHOLDERS FROM 1860 SLAVE CENSUS SCHEDULES, SURNAME MATCHES FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS ON 1870 CENSUS. To check a master surname list for other States PLANTATION NAMES. Between 1860 It provides the name, age, gender, and race of each resident; their relationship to the head of household; their occupation; and the place of birth of each resident and both of their parents. Researching the late nineteenth century, from Reconstruction immediately following the Civil War to the eve of the twentieth century, can be both a blessing and a curse for many African American families. 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Copyright 2003-2023 Reinette Jones & University of Kentucky Libraries. Most counties have indices to grantor and grantee, also called direct and reverse. The last column shows the what percentage of the total U.S. population were enslaved. purposes. WebSlavery was constitutionally abolished by the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in the United States in 1865, freeing over 4 million slaves. "Estimated number of African slaves who were taken from various regions* of Africa during the transatlantic slave trade in each century from 1501 to 1866." WebThe last column shows the what percentage of the total U.S. population were enslaved. available through Heritage Quest at http://www.heritagequest.com/ . National Archives and Records Administration in Washington, D.C. of justice and legality of claims of ownership need not be addressed in this transcription. You should try to use other records to corroborate the presumed relationship, but the census may be the only evidence you can locate. These Maps Reveal How Slavery Expanded Across the United Therefore, records not specifically labeled or segregated by race can be pertinent for research . Slave (Georgia Archives Microfilm #91/72). had decreased about 1.8 % to 7,501. Georgia Archives only has those microfilm publications which pertain to Georgia records. All rights reserved. For example, the Census did not count any slaves in Vermont, which abolished slavery in its 1777 constitution. lots of duplication of plantation names. Many records for African Americans were kept separately from other records and maintained with less vigor, leading to some record loss. Once you have traced your ancestor back to the 1870 federal census, the next step would be to confirm whether your ancestor was free or enslaved in 1860. Free African Americans were almost entirely excluded, in part by an extensive system of patrols, from the majority slave populations of the Deep South. significant increases in colored population during that time, and were therefore more likely possible places of relocation for Check the microfilm card catalog under Executive Dept. A., 34 slaves, Harris page 2o2B, PERSON, Willie M., 31 slaves, Franklinton page 182, PIERCE?, Archd. Chart. [Online]. In 1862, during the Civil War, President Abraham Learn more about how Statista can support your business. The ideal entry-level account for individual users. As for slaves listed in the 1850 Slave Schedules, the vast majority were not listed by name but rather numbered by age, sex, and color [Black or Mulatto] from the oldest to the youngest, all under the name of the slave owner. Slavery But what the statistics allow us to do is see how widespread it was. Ancestry.com and our loyal RootsWeb community. Number of slaves taken from Africa by region 1501-1866 - Statista U.S. Digests after about 1930 may not include African-Americans who do not own real property. Should statues of slaveholders be taken down? Marriage Records: Certificates list the names of the bride and groom, county of marriage, date of marriage, and the name of the official who married the couple. The census shows no subdivisions within the County. If you find your ancestor by name in both census years, identified as a free African American, you are quite likely to be able to locate additional county records to provide more information. County, the number of slaves they held in the County, the District shown on the enumeration and Again, this information can be used to identify slave owners. You only have access to basic statistics. O., 45 slaves, Galloway page 186B, HARRIS, Cyrus, 25 slaves, Harris page 195, HARRIS, James, 24 slaves, Galloway page 186B, HARRIS, Samuel, 53 slaves, Harris page 192, HARRIS, Wm. By 1870, freedmen and whites produced as much cotton as the South produced in the slave time of 1860. WebFederal Slave Census Schedules, 18501860 Exist for Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, New Jersey (1850 only), North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Utah Territory, and Records of Slave Trials, 1800-1850: Available for 6 counties: Baldwin, Hancock, Jones, Lincoln, Putnam, Screven (plus Trials of Free Persons of Color), Taliaferro (only Trials of Free Persons of Color). Beginning in 1866, African-Americans are listed separately until the early 1960s. Georgia Archives Willie?, 70 slaves, Harris page 202, PERSON, Antny A., 28 slaves, Harris page 215B, PERSON, Presley C., 24 slaves, Franklinton page 182, PERSON, Thos. Some of these former slaves may have been using the surname of their 1860 slaveholder WebThe 1870 population census was the Ninth Decennial Census of the United States. County Court Records, 1866-: These courts were established in 1866 to handle civil cases in which the amount in question was under $100 as well as misdemeanor/regulatory crimes, previously handled by the County Superior and Inferior Courts. (Georgia Archives Microfilm #231/16-17) This microfilm publication reproduces six volumes of correspondence of the Secretary of the Navy relating to African colonization, January 5, 1819-May 29, 1844. Before presuming an African American WebAfter the Civil War, the decennial census questionnaires were reordered and redesigned to account for end of the "slave questionnaire." WebTRANS-ATLANTIC SLAVE VOYAGES. ", Slave Voyages, Estimated number of African slaves who were taken from various regions* of Africa during the transatlantic slave trade in each century from 1501 to 1866 Statista, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1150475/number-slaves-taken-from-africa-by-region-century/ (last visited May 01, 2023), Estimated number of African slaves who were taken from various regions* of Africa during the transatlantic slave trade in each century from 1501 to 1866 [Graph], Slave Voyages, January 1, 2020. enumerated, out of a total of 3,950,546 slaves, and the transcriber, though not specifically looking The rest of the slaves in the County were held by a total Show publisher information Slavery African American descendants of persons who were enslaved in Edgefield County, South Carolina in 1860, if they have an If an African American ancestor for such named slaves, did not notice any such information while doing this transcription, except African Americans - The Civil War era | Britannica the time of the source, with African American being used otherwise. of that County on which they were listed. including surname. This transcription includes 138 slaveholders who held 40 or more slaves in Edgefield County, (As a side note, by 1960, 100 years later, the County was (As a side note, by 1960, 100 years later, the County P., 45 slaves, Harris page 208, WILLIAMSON, Tempie? Ga. Historical Context: Facts about the Slave Trade and Slavery If the ancestor is not on this list, the 1860 slave census A statistic about the literacy of freed slaves recently came to our attention. | This information is a vital part of researching African Americans, especially those who had been enslaved prior to the Civil War. Advertising Notice task, but it is beyond the scope of this transcription. Please do not hesitate to contact me. Should the federal government pay reparations to the descendants of enslaved people? A.?, 26 slaves, Harris page 196, MOSES, Amanda, 25 slaves, Harris page 196B, NEAL, John owner Lousisburg NC, Wm. In 1840, the slave population reached its peak of nearly 59,000 people; by 1860, there were 37,000 enslaved people, Search our book catalog (GIL). K., 20 slaves, Harris page 219, EDGERTON, Charles J., 47 slaves, Galloway page 189, FOSTER, Dr. P. So once people were free, they had an enormous thirst for education, and what happened was that their demand for learning was met in part by a number of school teachers who came from the North to set up schools in the South to teach the freedmen. during that time, and were therefore possible places of relocation for colored persons from Excluding slaves, the 1860 U.S. population was 27,167,529, with The best-known slave societies were those of the circum-Caribbean world. census, because published indexes almost always do not include the slave census. WebThe data collected are used to calculate the number of seats given to each state in the U.S. House of Representatives. 500-999 acres. Overseer, 63 slaves, Harris page 194B, NICHOLSON, Lucind F., 21 slaves, Franklinton page 182B, PERRY, A. S. Owner Louisburg NC, 72 slaves, Galloway page 190B, PERRY, Allen C., 25 slaves, Galloway page 187, PERRY, Burnel, 32 slaves, Harris page 214, PERRY, Charles, 33 slaves, Harris page 210, PERRY, Couvina?, 42 slaves, Harris page 218B, PERRY, Dr. A. S., 66 slaves, Harris page 206B, PERRY, Dr. Samuel, 37 slaves, Harris page 215B, PERRY, Dr. A. S., 88 slaves, Harris page 204B, PERRY, Joshua?, 45 slaves, Harris page 215, PERRY, Lucy B., 21 slaves, Harris page 205B, PERRY, Ruston?, 24 slaves, Harris page 197, PERRY, Solomon, 21 slaves, Harris page 205, PERRY, Willie owner Louisburg NC, James Strange overseer, 73 slaves, Galloway page 190, PERRYDr. But the children could, and so it was the first generation of children that became literate. Learn more. Linking names of plantations in this County with the names of the large holders on this list should not be a difficult research In North Carolina in 1860 there were 311 farms of 1,000 Alabama, up 37,000 (8%); Florida, up 29,000 (46%); Ohio, up 26,000 (70%); Indiana, up 25,000 15,653 whites, 173 "free colored" and 24,060 slaves. The records of the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands are voluminous, focusing primarily on African Americans in the southern states. records of the holder. list is a separate list of the surnames of the holders with information on numbers of African Owner Franklinton NC, Wm . Slaves were How many slaves were there in the United States by 1860? Also available on Ancestry.com. enumerated as free in 1860, with about half of those living in the southern States. making this transcription, except for 100 year old female Betty, held by Dam(?) Available on the Virtual Vault in File II Subjects and Counties. 1880 U.S. Census - Calvin Kelly household. The rest of the slaves in the Morrow, GA 30260 Some of these former slaves may have been using the surname of their 1860 slaveholder at the time of The History of Slavery in North America Quiz. SOURCES. formation of Vance County. County were held by a total of 501 slaveholders, and those slaveholders have not been included for consideration by those seeking to make connections between slaveholders and former slaves. Georgia Archives File II Counties, Subjects, and Name,s RG 4-2-46. WebThe 1870 census was the first census to provide detailed information on the African American population, only five years after the culmination of the Civil War when slaves I asked them for the story behind the numbers. Records of Enslaved People | SLNC - NCDCR The population numbers from the 1860 census are shown below. Historian Steven Deyle estimates "that between 1820 and 1860 at least 875,000 American slaves were forcibly removed from the Upper South to the Lower South." Of, 67 slaves, Harris page 221B, DAVIS, Dr. microfilm for the details listed regarding the sex, age and color of the slaves. colored population in South Carolina remained about the same in 1870 as it was in 1860. Of this number 2,572 (71%) owned 5 or less. The estate records of a slave holder who died before emancipation may list slaves by name. checked also. Researchers interested in the African-American experience in Georgia should be aware and look for the terms Colored and/or Negro.. Get the latest History stories in your inbox? The Curious History of Slavery in Africa | Cornell Research Franklin County, included the following: Georgia, up 80,000 (17%); Texas, up 70,000 (38%); Census figures that year indicate that more than 591,000 of those residents (56 percent) were white, and nearly 466,000 (44 percent) were Black. No other South Carolina County showed a significant increase. The Archives has books and periodicals on a wide range of subjects in Georgia History. Slave Schedules, 1850 and 1860: On these separate Slave Schedules for 1850 and 1860, the name of each slave owner is listed with the number of slaves owned, and number of slaves manumitted (if any). Mr. SUTCH: Tuskegee Institute was collecting data back in the 1890s on lynchings in the United States, lynchings, the illegal execution of black people by white mobs. ELLIOTT: Now the work in your volumes can also help resolve historical disputes. States that saw significant increases in colored population H., 49 slaves, Harris page 217B, YARBROUGH, J. S., 83 slaves, Franklinton page 184, YARBROUGH, James H. Owner, James W.? How Many Slaves Landed in the U.S.? - PBS about half of those living in the southern States. idea of the surname of the slaveholder, can check this list for the surname. Army. Terms of Use If you can find them here, try again in 1850. One of the fundamental problems of history is scale: how can historians move between understanding the past in terms of a single life and in the lives of millions; within a city and at the bounds of continents; over a period of days and over the span of centuries? The best of the best: the portal for top lists & rankings: Strategy and business building for the data-driven economy: Show sources information D., 50 slaves, Harris page 207, WILLIAMS, Wm. This page has been viewed 13,839 times (38 via redirect). Senr., 58 slaves, page 421B, HOLLINGSWORTH, J. H., 59 slaves, page 453, HOLLINGSWORTH, Mrs. B., 91 slaves, page 460, JENNINGS, Dr. W. D., 48 slaves, page 510B, MCKIE, Mary E. and one other, 47 slaves, page 495, MEREWETHER, Dr. S. G., 50 slaves, page 496, MERRIWEATHER, Dr. N., 49 slaves, page 495B, MIMS, Dr. R. J., C. M. Gray agent for, 48 slaves, page 513B, MIMS, Dr. E. J., Mathis agent for, 56 slaves, page 515, NIEHLEMAN?, Mrs. E. J., 57 slaves, page 449, PICKENS, F. W., W. B. Martin agent for, 84 slaves, page 513, SEARING, A. L., M. A. Selack for, 96 slaves, page 391B, SEARLS, T. We give all the sources so you can expand and add to it. stamped in the upper right corner of every other page of the census, with the intervening pages T., 23 slaves, Harris page 219B, HAWKINS, Mrs. J. D., 40 slaves, Harris page 212B, HILL, Daniel S. Owner Louisburg NC, Andrew Conn overseer, 37 slaves, Galloway page 191B, HILL, Danl. WebAs a result of the Union victory in the Civil War and the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution (1865), nearly four million slaves were freed. Finally, the dynamics of the free African American population looked more like the free white population than the slave population. The collections are indexed by main entry, by geographic location, by subject, by chronological dates, and by the types of forms used (such as diaries, ledgers, etc.). Plantation names were not shown on the census. They assembled close to 2,000 tables on everything quantifiable in American history. D., 36 slaves, Franklinton page 183B, STAMPER, M. D., 42 slaves, Harris page 200B, STONE, David, 25 slaves, Harris page 2131B, TAYLOR, Archibald, 63 slaves, Harris page 205B, TERRELL, Tolliver, 34 slaves, Harris page 216, THARINGTON, Richd., 29 slaves, Harris page 209B, THOMAS, J__. Using plantation Estimated number of African slaves who were taken from various regions* of Africa during the transatlantic slave trade in each century from 1501 to 1866 [Graph]. In many counties, the County Courts were primarily used to try freedmen. How Many 25,000 (127%); and Kansas up from 265 to 17,000 (6,400%). Later material has a variety of subject headings. Racially related terms such as African American, black, mulatto and colored are used as in SOURCES. Web, Jun 21, 2022 Throughout the history of the transatlantic slave trade, approximately 5.7 million of the 12.5 million African slaves who embarked on slave ships did so in ports U.S. Bureau of the Census: Population Schedules, 1870-1940. These collections are available by denomination, by geographic location, and under the subject heading Afro-AmericansChurches & Synagogues. Census: Slave Schedules, Black or Mulatto, Colored, Notable Kentucky African Americans Database, accessed May 1, 2023, https://nkaa.uky.edu/nkaa/items/show/2369. 3,950,546 unnamed slaves, or an average of about ten slaves per holder. Georgias population passed 1 million residents for the first time in 1860. If the surname is found, they can then view the 1880 U.S. Census, Navarro County, Texas, population schedule, enumeration district 127, page 15, dwelling 123, family 123, Calvin Kelley household; digital images, Ancestry.com, NARA microfilm publication T9, FS Library Film roll 1321. Slave imports to the islands of the Caribbean began in the early 16th century. U.S. Coast Survey, Map showing the distribution of the slave population of the southern states of the United States (Washington, DC: Henry S. Graham, 1861). The free white population in the North grew in already settled places and spread to the West. National Guard Riot Duty, 1900-1945 [Examples: Augusta Riot, 1912; Carrollton Riot, 1901; Racial Disturbance Plans, 1944-1945; Riot Duty, 1943; Statesboro Riot, 1904] Colored Militia Companies, ca. during that time, and were therefore possible places of relocation for colored persons from Governors Subject Files, 1781-1993, RG 1-1-5: Chronological. and page numbering methods used by the census enumerators, interested researchers should view
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